Congestion pricing or congestion charges is a system of surcharging users of public goods that are subject to congestion through excess demand such as higher peak charges for use of bus services, electricity, metros, railways, telephones, and road pricing to reduce traffic congestion; airlines and shipping companies may be charged higher fees for ...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing
(from the article `Vickrey, William`) ...applications. His studies of traffic congestion concluded that pricing on commuter trains and toll roads should vary according to usage, with ...
Found on
http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/c/127
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